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Bentonite , uas yog tseem hu ua "clay tswv yim," yog qhov khoob khoob uas muaj montmorillonite ua qhov tseem ceeb. Nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws, xws li qhov noj dej, qhov nqus, qhov kaw, qhov thixotropy, qhov daws, thiab qhov catalysis, tau ua qhov tseem ceeb rau hauv kev lag luam, kev noj qab los, kev saib xyuam ntiaj teb, thiab kev tshawb fas. Hauv qhov kev saib xyuam ntiaj teb, nws tuaj yeem daws cov ion heavy metal los ntawm dej noj qab los; hauv kev noj qab los, nws tuaj yeem pab zoo cov qhov chaw ntawm dej thiab pab ntxiv qhov nyuaj thiab qhov noj qab los. Thaum kev pab pawg ntawm kev lag luam xwb tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, bentonite kuj muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab rau kev siv hluav taws, ua qhov khoom pab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws, thiab nws qhov muaj txiaj ntsig kuj ntxiv mus.
I. Cov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Bentonite
Sodium-based Bentonite: Muaj montmorillonite ua qhov tseem ceeb, nws muaj qhov cuab yeej zoo heev rau qhov cuab yeej hloov, qhov cuab yeej txuas ntau, thiab qhov cuab yeej tsoo ntau, siv rau hais cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob thiab qhov khoob ntawm lub cua. Yog li cas, nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob thiab qhov khoob ntawm lub cua, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob thiab qhov khoob ntawm lub cua.
Calcium-based Bentonite: Tseem muaj montmorillonite ua qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis muaj qhov cuab yeej hloov tsis zoo heev, nws siv rau qhov khoob ntawm dej thiab qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm dej, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov khoob ntawm dej thiab qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm dej.
Organic Bentonite: Ua los ntawm qhov khoob ntawm cov cation organic rau qhov cuab yeej hloov, nws siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom uas siv rau qhov khoob nt......
II. Cov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Bentonite
Kuam ntxhais ntawm cov dej: ** Cov bentonite uas muaj sodium yog tuaj yeem kuam ntxhais los ntawm 2-10 zaug rau qhov loj ntawm nws thaum ua ntej tom qab nws daws dej, thiab tsim qhov gel uas nyob ib leeg. Nws tau siv dav hauv kev kho tsev kom tsis muaj dej txhaws thiab hauv kev kho cov ntsiab tsev kom tsis muaj dej txhaws.
Kuam sib sau thiab kuam ntxhais ntawm cov dej: ** Nws tsim qhov suspension uas muaj viscosity siab hauv qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub zog ntau, thiab nws tuaj yeem rov qhia cov dej ntawm qhov kev nyob ib leeg. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev kho thiab kev kho cov qhov kho. Hauv cov dej kho qhov kho, nws tuaj yeem tswj qhov kho, ntxuav cov ntaub tshuaj, thiab pab ua kom zoo dua.
Kuam daws thiab kuam tswj kev ua haujlwm: ** Nws tuaj yeem daws cov heavy metals thiab cov ntaub tshuaj uas muaj txoj haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab nws kuj tuaj yeem ua lub tshuab rau kev tswj kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev kho cov dej tsis zoo, nws tuaj yeem kho cov ntaub tshuaj tsis zoo raws li zoo thiab pab ua kom cov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Kuam nyob thiab kuam nyob ntawm cov dej: ** Nws tsim qhov suspension uas nyob ib leeg hauv dej, thiab yog qhov zoo rau cov yav tswv uas siv hauv cov yav tswv uas siv hauv kev kho thiab kev kho cov ntaub tshuaj, thiab pab ua kom cov ntaub tshuaj sib sau raws li zoo thiab pab ua kom cov yav tswv nyob ib leeg.
III. Cov kev siv ntawm bentonite uas nyob hauv qhov kev siv ntau yam
1. Qhov kev siv hauv tsev kho
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshuab, nws yog siv los ua qhov tshuab uas pab txuas cov dej tshuab kom tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo thiab kom txuas qhov tshuab kom haum; nyob rau hauv qhov kev kho tshuab ntawm lub dej, nws yog siv los tsim cov dej uas kho tshuab kom tsis muaj qhov tshuab tshav thiab pab kho tshuab zoo dua; nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov dej tshuab, nws yog siv los ua qhov tshuab uas pab txuas cov dej tshuab kom zoo thiab pab txuas qhov tshuab zoo dua; nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov ntawv, nws yog siv los ua qhov tshuab, qhov tshuab uas pab txuas cov ntawv kom zoo thiab pab txuas qhov tshuab kom haum rau kev sau ntawv; nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov cheeb tsam, nws yog siv los tsim cov dej tshuab uas pab txuas cov dej tshuab, cov dej tshuab uas pab txuas cov dej tshuab, thiab lwm yam, pab txuas qhov tshuab zoo thiab pab txuas qhov tshuab zoo dua rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov dej tshuab.
2. Qhov kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov ntawv
Los ntawm kev siv rau lub vaj tso kua, nws qhia txog pH, tswi tsis dej thiab cov khoom noj, thiab pab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo hauv cov chaw uas tsis muaj dej; los ntawm kev siv rau lub qhov cua, nws ua li cas nyob rau hauv qhov cua thiab pab kev nkag mus rau hauv cov nplooj thiab cov duab tshiab; los ntawm kev siv rau lub qhov cua tshuaj, nws pab kev nkag tshuaj raws li lub sijhawm, nyuaj dua kev ua rau tshuaj tsis muaj zog, thiab txo kev ua rau qhov chaw nyob zoo tsis zoo.
3. Daim ntawv tswj hwm qhov chaw nyob zoo
Nws daws nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv dej tshuaj ntawm cov roj tshuaj, thiab ua kom dej zoo; nws tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv sulfur thiab cov ntaub ntawv nitrogen hauv qhov cua tshuaj los ntawm cov roj tshuaj ua rau dej, thiab pab txo kev ua rau qhov cua tsis zoo.
4. Cov roj tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev daily chemical
Siv rau lub qhov cua tshuaj kom tshuaj nkag mus raws li lub sijhawm, pab ua kom tshuaj zoo dua thiab txo kev ua rau mob; siv rau lub qhov cua tshuaj thiab lub qhov cua tshuaj rau cov khoom siv hauv kev ua noj thiab kev ua noj, thiab siv rau cov khoom siv hauv kev ua noj kom ua noj zoo dua thiab txo kev ua rau qhov chaw nyob zoo tsis zoo, thiab ua raws li cov kev ua noj zoo.
IV. Txoj kev txuas ntxiv thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv Bentonite
Kho kom zoo: Cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo tau tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv dej, kev siv hais thiab kev kho kom zoo rau hauv qhov ceev siab kom cov ntaub ntawv montmorillonite yog loj dua, thiab sib sau rau cov kev siv tseem ceeb uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws li rau kev siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho mob.
Kho kom zoo: Kev kho kom zoo los ntawm sodium (sodium modification) yuav pab cov bentonite uas muaj calcium los mus rau cov bentonite uas muaj sodium, thiab pab kom cov ntaub ntawv no yuav muaj qhov ntau dua thiab qhov nyob ib leeg zoo dua; kev kho kom zoo los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organic yuav pab cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov tsis nyob rau hauv dej (hydrophobicity), thiab pab kom cov ntaub ntawv no zoo rau kev siv hauv cov kev siv tseem ceeb uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws li rau cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev kho lub zog thiab kev kho lub zog rau cov ntaub ntawv.
V. Qhov xwm txheej
Bentonite ua qhov tswv yim tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas rau ntau qhov xwm txheej vim nws cov lus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Nrog rau kev ntxiv ntxiv ntawm cov kev kawm thiab kev ntxiv ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam, nws cov kev siv yuav ntxiv ntxiv. Tom ntej, los ntawm kev ua kom zoo dua, kev ua kom zoo dua thiab kev ntxiv ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, bentonite yuav tau kev txiav txim siab rau hauv cov khoom zoo, cov khoom tshiab thiab cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam thiab kev kho mob, thiab yuav yog qhov khoob tshuaj ntawm lub zog rau kev pab kev lag luam zoo.